Cov Khoom Siv Twg Ua Haujlwm Ntawm DC Xwb? Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Uas Muaj Fais Fab Ncaj Qha

Hauv peb lub ntiaj teb uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau zuj zus, kev nkag siab txog qhov txawv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC) thiab lub zog hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) yeej tsis tau tseem ceeb npaum li no. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov hluav taws xob hauv tsev tuaj ua AC, ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no tsuas yog siv lub zog DC xwb. Phau ntawv qhia tob no tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv DC xwb, piav qhia vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau lub zog hluav taws xob ncaj qha, lawv tau txais nws li cas, thiab dab tsi ua rau lawv txawv ntawm cov khoom siv AC.

Nkag Siab Txog DC vs AC Fais Fab

Qhov Txawv Tseem Ceeb

Vim li cas qee cov khoom siv tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm DC

1. Xwm txheej semiconductorCov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no vam khom cov transistors uas xav tau hluav taws xob ruaj khov
2. Kev rhiab heev ntawm polarityCov khoom xws li LEDs tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog qhov kev taw qhia +/- kom raug
3. Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm Roj Teeb: DC phim cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj teeb
4. Cov Kev Xav Tau Tshwj XeebCov voj voog digital xav tau lub zog tsis muaj suab nrov

Pawg ntawm DC-Tsuas yog cov khoom siv

1. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Uas Nqa Tau

Cov khoom siv no sawv cev rau cov chav kawm loj tshaj plaws ntawm DC-xwb cov khoom siv:

• Cov Xov Tooj Smartphones & Cov Ntsiav Tshuaj
  • Ua haujlwm rau 3.7-12V DC
  • Tus qauv xa khoom fais fab USB: 5/9/12/15/20V DC
  • Cov chargers hloov AC mus rau DC (pom tau ntawm "output" specs)
• Cov Laptops & Cov Phau Ntawv Sau
  • Feem ntau 12-20V DC ua haujlwm
  • Cov cib fais fab ua rau AC-DC hloov pauv
  • USB-C them: 5-48V DC
• Cov Koob Yees Duab Digital
  • 3.7-7.4V DC los ntawm cov roj teeb lithium
  • Cov duab sensors xav tau lub zog ruaj khov

Piv txwv li: Lub iPhone 15 Pro siv 5V DC thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm, thiab txais 9V DC ib ntus thaum lub sijhawm them ceev.

2. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hauv Tsheb

Cov tsheb niaj hnub no yog cov tshuab fais fab DC:

• Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Lom Zem
  • Kev ua haujlwm 12V / 24V DC
  • Cov ntxaij vab tshaus kov, cov chav navigation
• Cov ECUs (Cov Chav Tswj Cav)
  • Cov khoos phis tawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb
  • Yuav tsum tau lub zog DC huv si
• Teeb pom kev zoo LED
  • Teeb taub hau, teeb sab hauv tsev
  • Feem ntau 9-36V DC

Qhov Tseeb Txaus Siab: Cov tsheb fais fab muaj cov hloov pauv DC-DC kom txo lub zog roj teeb 400V mus rau 12V rau cov khoom siv ntxiv.

3. Cov Txheej Txheem Fais Fab Rov Ua Dua Tshiab

Cov kev teeb tsa hnub ci feem ntau siv DC:

• Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag Hnub Ci
  • Tsim hluav taws xob DC ntuj tsim
  • Lub vaj huam sib luag ib txwm muaj: 30-45V DC qhib Circuit Court
• Cov Txhab Nyiaj Roj Teeb
  • Khaws lub zog ua DC
  • Cov kua qaub-kua qaub: 12/24/48V DC
  • Lithium-ion: 36-400V+ DC
• Cov Tswj Xyuas Kev Them Nqi
  • Hom MPPT / PWM
  • Tswj kev hloov pauv DC-DC

4. Cov Khoom Siv Sib Txuas Lus

Cov khoom siv hauv network nyob ntawm DC kev ntseeg tau:

• Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Cell Tower
  • Feem ntau -48V DC tus qauv
  • Cov roj teeb thaub qab
• Cov Chaw Txuas Fiber Optic
  • Cov tsav tsheb laser xav tau DC
  • Feem ntau 12V lossis 24V DC
• Cov Hloov Network / Routers
  • Cov khoom siv hauv chaw khaws ntaub ntawv
  • 12V / 48V DC fais fab txee

5. Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob

Cov khoom siv kho mob tseem ceeb feem ntau siv DC:

• Cov Neeg Mob Saib Xyuas
  • Cov tshuab ECG, EEG
  • Xav tau kev tiv thaiv suab nrov hluav taws xob
• Kev Tshawb Xyuas Yooj Yim
  • Cov tshuab ntsuas ultrasound
  • Cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntshav
• Cov Khoom Siv Cog Rau Hauv
  • Cov tshuab pacemakers
  • Cov tshuaj neurostimulators

Lus Cim Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov tshuab DC kho mob feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cais rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg mob.

6. Cov Txheej Txheem Tswj Kev Lag Luam

Lub Hoobkas automation vam khom DC:

• PLCs (Cov Tswj Xyuas Logic Programmable)
  • 24V DC tus qauv
  • Kev ua haujlwm tsis hnov ​​​​​​suab nrov
• Cov Sensors & Actuators
  • Cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov ze
  • Cov twj tso kua dej Solenoid
• Kev siv neeg hlau
  • Cov tswj hwm servo motor
  • Feem ntau 48V DC systems

Vim Li Cas Cov Khoom Siv No Tsis Siv Tau AC

Kev Txwv Txog Kev Siv Tshuab

1. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm polarity reversal
   • Cov diodes, transistors ua tsis tiav nrog AC
   • Piv txwv li: LEDs yuav flicker/blow
2. Kev Cuam Tshuam Lub Sijhawm Circuit
   • Cov moos digital vam khom DC stability
   • AC yuav pib dua cov microprocessors
3. Kev Tsim Kub
   • AC ua rau muaj kev poob capacitive / inductive
   • DC muab kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo

Cov Kev Cai Ua Tau Zoo

Kev Hloov Pauv Fais Fab rau DC Cov Khoom Siv

Cov Txheej Txheem Hloov AC-rau-DC

1. Cov Khoom Siv Phab Ntsa
   • Feem ntau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me
   • Muaj rectifier, regulator
2. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Sab Hauv
   • Cov khoos phis tawj, TV
   • Cov qauv tsim hom hloov pauv
3. Cov Txheej Txheem Tsheb
   • Alternator + rectifier
   • Kev tswj hwm roj teeb EV

Kev Hloov DC-rau-DC

Feem ntau xav tau kom phim cov voltages:

• Cov Buck Converters(Nqis dua)
• Cov Boost Converters(Nce ntaiv)
• Buck-Boost(Ob qho kev taw qhia)

Piv txwv li: Lub USB-C laptop charger yuav hloov 120V AC → 20V DC → 12V/5V DC raws li qhov xav tau.

Cov Txuj Ci Tshiab DC-Powered

1. DC Microgrids

• Cov tsev niaj hnub pib siv
• Ua ke lub hnub ci, roj teeb, thiab DC cov khoom siv

2. Kev Xa Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob USB

• Nthuav mus rau cov wattage siab dua
• Tus qauv tsev yav tom ntej uas yuav tsum tau ua

3. Cov Txheej Txheem Tsheb Hluav Taws Xob

• V2H (Tsheb mus rau Tsev) DC hloov pauv
• Kev them nyiaj ob txoj kev

Txheeb Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv DC-Tsuas Yog

Kev Txhais Lus ntawm Daim Ntawv Cim

Nrhiav rau:

• Cov cim "DC Xwb"
• Cov cim polarity (+/-)
• Cov cim qhia txog hluav taws xob tsis muaj ~ lossis ⎓

Piv txwv txog kev siv fais fab

1. Lub Qhov Txuas
   • Feem ntau ntawm cov routers, cov saib xyuas
   • Cov teeb meem zoo/tsis zoo hauv nruab nrab
2. Cov Chaw Nres USB
   • Txhua lub zog DC
   • 5V theem pib (txog li 48V nrog PD)
3. Cov Thaiv Kawg
   • Cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam
   • Muaj cim qhia meej +/-

Kev Xav Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb

Kev Phom Sij Tshwj Xeeb DC

1. Arc Sustenance
   • DC arcs tsis tua nws tus kheej zoo li AC
   • Yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb
2. Yuam Kev ntawm Polarity
   • Kev sib txuas rov qab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj
   • Xyuas ob zaug ua ntej txuas
3. Kev Pheej Hmoo ntawm Cov Roj Teeb
   • Cov chaw DC tuaj yeem xa cov hluav taws xob siab
   • Kev phom sij ntawm hluav taws xob lithium roj teeb

Kev Pom Keeb Kwm

Qhov "Kev Ua Rog ntawm Cov Ncua Hluav Taws Xob" ntawm Edison (DC) thiab Tesla/Westinghouse (AC) thaum kawg pom AC yeej rau kev xa hluav taws xob, tab sis DC tau rov qab los hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv:

• Xyoo 1880: Thawj lub zog fais fab DC
• Xyoo 1950: Kev hloov pauv ntawm semiconductor txhawb nqa DC
• Xyoo 2000: Lub caij nyoog digital ua rau DC tswj hwm

Yav tom ntej ntawm DC Fais Fab

Cov qauv qhia txog kev siv DC ntau ntxiv:

• Ua haujlwm tau zoo dua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no
• Lub zog rov ua dua tshiab hauv DC tso zis
• Cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv siv 380V DC faib tawm
• Kev tsim kho tus qauv DC hauv tsev neeg muaj peev xwm

Xaus Lus: Lub Ntiaj Teb DC-Dominant

Txawm hais tias AC yeej qhov kev sib tw rau kev xa hluav taws xob, DC tau yeej qhov kev sib tw rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Txij li ntawm lub xov tooj ntse hauv koj lub hnab ris mus rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci ntawm koj lub ru tsev, hluav taws xob ncaj qha muab zog rau peb cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom siv twg xav tau DC pab nrog:

• Kev xaiv cov khoom siv kom raug
• Kev xaiv fais fab zoo
• Kev npaj zog hauv tsev yav tom ntej
• Kev daws teeb meem kev siv tshuab

Thaum peb txav mus rau lub zog rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm DC tsuas yog yuav loj hlob tuaj. Cov khoom siv uas tau hais tawm ntawm no tsuas yog sawv cev rau qhov pib ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej uas siv DC uas cog lus tias yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob yooj yim dua.